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- <text id=93TT2031>
- <title>
- July 19, 1993: Aliens In A Land They Call Home
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- July 19, 1993 Whose Little Girl Is This?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- IMMIGRATION, Page 41
- Aliens In A Land They Call Home
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>By JOHN KOHAN/MOSCOW--With reporting by Yuri Zarakhovich/Narva
- </p>
- <p> An elderly couple, ethnic Russians afraid to identify themselves
- beyond their first names Ivan and Natalya, walk slowly across
- the bridge that links the Estonian city of Narva to the Russian
- community of Ivan-Gorod. They used to make the trip easily,
- before the break-up of the Soviet Union turned the Narva River
- into the official boundary between two independent countries.
- Above the huge medieval fortress that guards the west bank flies
- the Estonian flag. On the eastern shore, a rugged rampart displays
- the Russian tricolor. On the bridge below, lines of pedestrians
- and cars move slowly between customs posts set up at both ends.
- "We built this city," says Ivan, pointing back to Narva as he
- and his wife make their way to the Russian side, where bread
- and milk are cheaper. "Now they are tightening the noose around
- our neck to make us leave."
- </p>
- <p> Since the collapse of the Soviet empire, about 24 million ethnic
- Russians have found themselves living in foreign countries,
- outside the boundaries of their historic homeland. The hundreds
- of thousands of Russian workers who flooded into the Baltic
- states of Estonia and Latvia after the 1940 Soviet annexation
- are viewed with suspicion now, as fifth columnists who are opposed
- to the nationalist aspirations of the new states. Many Russians
- have not helped matters any by refusing to learn local languages.
- </p>
- <p> The problem has reached the boiling point in Estonia, where
- ethnic Russians and other Russian speakers make up 40% of the
- 1.6 million population. Worried about becoming a minority in
- their own homeland, Estonians in the State Assembly passed a
- package of laws that would deny citizenship--and hence employment--to anyone who had moved to Estonia after 1940 and who failed
- to pass a very complicated language test. Last month another
- law was passed requiring noncitizens to apply for either Estonian
- or Russian citizenship or to register as aliens and face possible
- deportation. "We want to determine where they stand," explains
- an Estonian Foreign Ministry official. "They cannot remain citizens
- of a nonexistent Soviet Union." But given the difficulties
- in obtaining Estonian citizenship, most Russians will be forced
- to become foreigners.
- </p>
- <p> Reaction to the aliens act has been swift and shrill. In the
- northeast border region around Narva, where ethnic Russians
- constitute 95% of the population, local Russians plan to hold
- a plebiscite this week on the question of regional autonomy--a move the Estonians have denounced as "unconstitutional."
- Western governments have voiced concern about growing discrimination
- against minorities. But the harshest rebuke has come from Moscow,
- where Foreign Minister Andrei Kozyrev denounced the law as "quiet
- apartheid" and "ethnic cleansing in white gloves."
- </p>
- <p> Under pressure from conservative opponents to take a tougher
- stand on the ethnic Russian question, Boris Yel tsin bluntly
- warned the Estonians not to misinterpret "Russia's goodwill."
- Moscow, he pointed out, had "ways of reminding them" of geopolitical
- realities. The Kremlin has already put the withdrawal of former
- Soviet forces from Estonia on hold to protest local mistreatment
- of Russians.
- </p>
- <p> Seeking to defuse the crisis, Estonian President Lennart Meri
- consulted with European legal experts. On their advice, Meri
- refused to sign the aliens act into law and last week called
- the Estonian parliament back into an emergency session, where
- more fuel was added to the fire when legislators proposed holding
- an emergency session to discuss suspending Narva's city council.
- Should this happen, tensions could get out of hand. As Vladimir
- Khomyakov, a Narva city-council member, brusquely put it, "This
- is our homeland; we have no other. The only way out now is autonomy.
- Otherwise, there will be war."
- </p>
- <p> The irony is that few Russians living in Estonia want to secede
- completely from the Baltic state. Compared with the rest of
- the old Soviet empire, the economic reforms that Estonia has
- carried out in the brief period of independence are nothing
- short of miraculous. It is the only former Soviet republic with
- a stable, convertible currency, and the monthly rate of inflation
- has dropped in one year from 90% to 1.7%. Unless the rival ethnic
- communities can turn their present dialogue of the deaf into
- real cooperation, however, Estonia may yet succumb to the fever
- of nationalism that has so much of Europe in its grip.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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